In which year was the presence of chloroplast DNA confirmed by electron microscopy?
1959
1962
1986
1990
What role do chloroplast ribosomes play?
They aid in chlorophyll production.
They assist in cellular respiration.
They store starches.
They perform protein synthesis
Which two species had their complete chloroplast genome sequences published in 1986?
Nicotiana tabacum and Marchantia polymorpha
Arabidopsis thaliana and Zea mays
Pisum sativum and Solanum lycopersicum
Oryza sativa and Musa acuminata
What is the typical length range of chloroplast DNA?
30,000–60,000 base pairs
60,000–100,000 base pairs
120,000–170,000 base pairs
200,000–250,000 base pairs
How is chloroplast DNA typically organized in most chloroplasts?
In multiple small plasmids
In a single large ring
As linear strands
As a network of interconnected circles
How many genes are encoded by the chloroplast genome in most plant species?
50 genes
80 genes
120 genes
200 genes
What role does the histone-like chloroplast protein (HC) play in red algae?
It assists in photosynthesis
It transports chloroplast DNA to other organelles
It helps in the replication of chloroplast DNA
It tightly packs each chloroplast DNA ring into a nuclei
What are nucleoids in chloroplasts?
Membrane-bound organelles where chlorophyll is synthesized
Regions that contain several identical chloroplast DNA rings
Sites of photosynthesis within the chloroplast
Small ribosomal complexes within the chloroplast
What happens to the number of chloroplast DNA copies as leaves age?
The number decreases to 15–20 copies
The number remains constant
The number increases
The number fluctuates unpredictably
How many copies of chloroplast DNA are typically found in young leaves?
5–10 copies
15–20 copies
Around 100 copies
200–300 copies
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